[mrlmd1]

There are different emissions equipment on CA bikes - refer to to other threads on here about their canisters. And one bike in Spain has a possible EGR valve on it. There are a number of different bikes for different countries/states.
And lean may be on purpose, for fuel economy and compromise of power/displacement etc. I am aware of that. And what is this lean compared to, other bikes, to how rich it can be made? Was it not designed like this? The bike is what it is. I'm not trying to start an argument, I'm asking a question -
I was asking if any of these mods have objectively been shown to produce any HP or power benefit of significance, other than the owner's subjective perception. I have no problem with anyone doing any mods to anything they own, I would like to know if they really work and how do you know? Just by the throaty and louder exhaust which can be measured by your ears, or is there another way to prove what you are doing works? Not such a hard question to answer.